1,279 research outputs found
PATROL: Privacy-Oriented Pruning for Collaborative Inference Against Model Inversion Attacks
Collaborative inference has been a promising solution to enable
resource-constrained edge devices to perform inference using state-of-the-art
deep neural networks (DNNs). In collaborative inference, the edge device first
feeds the input to a partial DNN locally and then uploads the intermediate
result to the cloud to complete the inference. However, recent research
indicates model inversion attacks (MIAs) can reconstruct input data from
intermediate results, posing serious privacy concerns for collaborative
inference. Existing perturbation and cryptography techniques are inefficient
and unreliable in defending against MIAs while performing accurate inference.
This paper provides a viable solution, named PATROL, which develops
privacy-oriented pruning to balance privacy, efficiency, and utility of
collaborative inference. PATROL takes advantage of the fact that later layers
in a DNN can extract more task-specific features. Given limited local resources
for collaborative inference, PATROL intends to deploy more layers at the edge
based on pruning techniques to enforce task-specific features for inference and
reduce task-irrelevant but sensitive features for privacy preservation. To
achieve privacy-oriented pruning, PATROL introduces two key components:
Lipschitz regularization and adversarial reconstruction training, which
increase the reconstruction errors by reducing the stability of MIAs and
enhance the target inference model by adversarial training, respectively
Fed-CPrompt: Contrastive Prompt for Rehearsal-Free Federated Continual Learning
Federated continual learning (FCL) learns incremental tasks over time from
confidential datasets distributed across clients. This paper focuses on
rehearsal-free FCL, which has severe forgetting issues when learning new tasks
due to the lack of access to historical task data. To address this issue, we
propose Fed-CPrompt based on prompt learning techniques to obtain task-specific
prompts in a communication-efficient way. Fed-CPrompt introduces two key
components, asynchronous prompt learning, and contrastive continual loss, to
handle asynchronous task arrival and heterogeneous data distributions in FCL,
respectively. Extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of
Fed-CPrompt in achieving SOTA rehearsal-free FCL performance.Comment: Accepted by FL-ICML 202
A regular black hole as the final state of evolution of a singular black hole
We propose a novel black hole model in which singular and regular black holes
are combined as a whole and more precisely singular and regular black holes are
regarded as different states of parameter evolution. We refer to them as
singular and regular states, respectively. Furthermore, the regular state is
depicted by the final state of parameter evolution in the model. We also
present the sources that can generate such a black hole spacetime in the
framework of gravity. This theory of modified gravity is adopted because
it offers a possible resolution to a tough issue in the thermodynamics of
regular black holes, namely the discrepancy between the thermal entropy and
Wald entropy. The dynamics and thermodynamics of the novel black hole model are
also discussed when a singular state evolves into a regular state during the
change of charge or horizon radius from its initial value to its extreme value.Comment: 36 pages, 23 figures, references adde
Regular black holes: A short topic review
The essential singularity in Einstein's gravity can be avoidable if the
preconditions of Penrose's theorem can be bypassed, i.e., if the strong energy
condition is broken in the vicinity of a black hole center. The singularity
mentioned here includes two aspects: (i) the divergence of curvature
invariants, and (ii) the incompleteness of geodesics. Both aspects are now
taken into account in order to determine whether a black hole contains
essential singularities. In this sense, black holes without essential
singularities are dubbed regular (non-singular) black holes. The regular black
holes have some intriguing phenomena that are different from those of singular
black holes, and such phenomena have inspired numerous studies. In this review,
we summarize the current topics that are associated with regular black holes.Comment: Major revision, 45 pages, 2 figures, some references have ben adde
Viral video style: A closer look at viral videos on YouTube
Viral videos that gain popularity through the process of Internet sharing are having a profound impact on society. Existing studies on viral videos have only been on small or confidential datasets. We collect by far the largest open benchmark for viral video study called CMU Viral Video Dataset, and share it with researchers from both academia and industry. Having verified existing observations on the dataset, we discover some interesting characteristics of viral videos. Based on our analysis, in the second half of the paper, we propose a model to forecast the future peak day of viral videos. The application of our work is not only important for advertising agencies to plan advertising campaigns and estimate costs, but also for companies to be able to quickly respond to rivals in viral marketing campaigns. The proposed method is unique in that it is the first attempt to incorporate video metadata into the peak day prediction. The empirical results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms the state-of-the-art methods, with statistically significant differences. Copyright 2014 ACM
Diaquabis(4-carboxy-2-propyl-1H-imidazole-5-carboxylato-κ2 N 3,O 4)copper(II) N,N-dimethylformamide disolvate
In the title complex, [Cu(C8H9N2O4)2(H2O)2]·2C3H7NO, the CuII ion, lying on an inversion center, is six-coordinated in a slightly distorted octahedral geometry. Two N atoms and two O atoms from two H2pimda (H3pimda is 2-propyl-1H-4,5-dicarboxylic acid) ligands are in the equatorial plane. The axial positions are occupied by two O atoms from two water molecules. A two-dimensional supramolecular network parallel to (001) is constructed by N—H⋯O and O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. An intramolecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bond is also observed
DEFB1 rs11362 Polymorphism and Risk of Chronic Periodontitis: A Meta-Analysis of Unadjusted and Adjusted Data
Objective: Chronic periodontitis (CP) is a growing problem that affects the worldwide population, having significant impacts on people's daily lives and economic development. Genetics is an important component in the determination of individual susceptibility to periodontal diseases. Numerous studies have been performed to investigate the association between beta defensin 1 (DEFB1) rs11362 polymorphism and risk of CP, but the results are still inconclusive. Therefore, we conducted this meta-analysis to ascertain whether this variation in DEFB1 is associated with CP susceptibility.Methods: The relevant studies were searched in PubMed and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases up to January 9, 2018. Two independent authors selected citations and extracted the data from eligible studies. Odds ratios (ORs) with their 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were used to assess the strength of the association.Results: Seven case-control studies were included in this meta-analysis. Based on unadjusted data, there was no obvious association between DEFB1 rs11362 polymorphism and CP risk in all genetic models (A vs. G: OR = 0.86, 95%CI = 0.61–1.20; AA vs. GG: OR = 0.83, 95% CI = 00.50–1.39; AG vs. GG: OR = 1.01, 95%CI = 0.73–1.39; AG+AA vs. GG: OR = 0.91, 95% CI = 00.74–1.11; and AA vs. AG+GG: OR = 0.83, 95% CI = 00.57–1.21); the results of adjusted data also showed no significant relationship. Subgroup analyses based on ethnicity, participants' smoking status, HWE in controls and severity of CP all revealed similar results to that of the overall analysis. Sensitivity analysis indicated the results were robust and no evidence of publication bias was found.Conclusions: Our meta-analysis suggests that DEFB1 rs11362 polymorphism may not have an important effect on the risk of CP. Further large-scale and well-designed studies are necessary to validate our conclusion in the future
- …